Kufotokozera Kwachidule:

Choledochoscope yachipatala yotayika ndi chida chachipatala chapadera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana ndikuwunika ma ducts a bile m'thupi. Ndi endoscope yosinthika komanso yowonda yomwe imalowetsedwa kudzera pakamwa kapena mphuno ndikuwongolera m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono kuti apeze ndikuwonera ma ducts a bile. Njirayi imadziwika kuti endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Choledochoscope imatumiza zithunzi zapamwamba kwambiri ndipo imalola kuwunika kwa matenda kapena chithandizo chamankhwala, monga kuchotsa ndulu kapena kuyika ma stents kuti athetse kutsekeka kwa ma ducts a bile. Mbali yotayika ya choledochoscope iyi imatanthawuza kuti imagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha pofuna kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha odwala komanso kupewa kuipitsidwa.